Sildenafil Vaginal Gel Co-treatment With Clomiphene Citrate in Infertile Women With Thin Endometrium
A. Elasticity of vesicles assessed by electron spin resonance, electron microscopy and extrusion measurements. 2001, 217, 13– 24, DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5173(01)00576-2Google Scholar33Elasticity of vesicles assessed by electron spin resonance, electron microscopy and extrusion measurementsvan den Bergh, B.
Cited By
Vardenafil-Loaded Bilosomal Mucoadhesive Sponge for Buccal Delivery: Optimization, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2022, 14, 4184, DOI: 10.3390/polym14194184Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference. A. Transdermal Delivery of Ondansetron Hydrochloride via Bilosomal Systems: In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Characterization Studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018, 19, 2276– 2287, DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1019-yGoogle ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference. Fatty acid spin labels were incorporated into vesicles, composed of the single chain non-ionic surfactant octaoxyethylenelaurate-ester (PEG-8-L), the sucrose laurate-ester L-595 and cholesterol sulfate (CS) to monitor local dynamic properties of lipid mols. in vesicle bilayers and to study the elasticity of vesicle bilayers. Studies with the spin label probes 5-, 12- and 16-doxyl stearic acid (DSA) indicated that both the order parameter and the rotational correlation times increased when the doxyl group was positioned closer to the headgroup region. These findings indicate that the fluidity of membranes decreased near the headgroup region. Comparing 16-DSA incorporated in vesicle formulations with either 30 or 70 mol% showed no difference in alkyl chain mobility as was reflected by the order parameter.
| Year | Estimated Market Size (USD) | Growth Rate | Key Factors Influencing Growth |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 150 million | 8% | Rising prevalence of erectile dysfunction |
| 2024 | 162 million | 8% | Increased acceptance of topical applications |
| 2025 | 175 million | 8% | Advances in transdermal drug delivery technology |
| 2026 | 190 million | 8.5% | Expansion into emerging markets |
The rotational correlation times, however, showed a slowdown from 0.38 to 0.71 and 1.13 ns when the PEG-8-L molar content was decreased from 100 to 70 and 30 mol% for PEG-8-L:L-595:CS vesicles, resp. Extrusion measurements indicated an increase in elasticity of vesicle bilayers as the molar content of PEG-8-L was increased from 10 to buy sildenafil online uk 90 mol%. Incorporation of cholesterol sulfate stabilizes vesicles and thereby, decreases the elasticity. The increased elasticity correlated excellent with a redn. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that when the molar content of the single chain non-ionic surfactant PEG-8-L in vesicles is increased the elasticity is enhanced and the rotational correlation time is reduced. The enhanced elasticity might contribute to an optimal design of vesicles as drug carriers for transdermal application. 34Abdallah, M.
- Dermatological testing ensures sildenafil gel safety on human skin.
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H.; Lila, A. S. A.; Unissa, R.; Elsewedy, H. S.; Elghamry, H.
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A.; Soliman, M. S. Brucine-Loaded Ethosomal Gel: Design, Optimization, and Anti-inflammatory Activity.
| Feature | Gel | Tablet | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Speed of Absorption | Faster | Slower | Gel bypasses GI tract |
| Convenience | Easy to apply directly | Swallowed whole | Discreet use |
| Dosage Flexibility | Customizable per application | Fixed doses | Better for dose titration |
| Side Effects | Lower GI irritation | More systemic exposure | Reduced gastrointestinal side effects |
AAPS PharmSciTech 2021, 22, 269, DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02113-8Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference. A.; Aburahma, M. H.
Uses / Indications
In the current study, possible mechanisms by which deformable liposomes and ethosomes improve skin delivery of ketotifen under non-occlusive conditions were investigated. In vitro permeation and skin deposition behavior of deformable liposomes and ethosomes, having ketotifen both inside and outside the vesicles (no sepn. of free ketotifen), having ketotifen only inside the vesicles (free ketotifen sepd.) and having ketotifen only outside the vesicles (ketotifen soln. added to empty vesicles), was studied using rabbit pinna skin. Results suggested that both buy sildenafil citrate online canada the penetration enhancing effect and the intact vesicle permeation into the stratum corneum might play a role in improving skin delivery of drugs by deformable liposomes, under non-occlusive conditions, and that the penetration enhancing effect was of greater importance in case of ketotifen.
2.8. Evaluation of SDF-BS Gel
Regarding ethosomes, results indicated that ketotifen should be incorporated in ethosomal vesicles for optimum skin delivery. Ethosomes were not able to improve skin delivery of non-entrapped ketotifen. B. Formulation of Niosomal Gel for Enhanced Transdermal Lornoxicam Delivery: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Evaluation. Drug Deliv 2018, 15, 122– 133, DOI: 10.2174/1567201814666170224141548Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference. Investigating the potential of employing bilosomes as a novel vesicular carrier for transdermal delivery of tenoxicam. 2015, 485, 329– 340, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.033Google Scholar35Investigating the potential of employing bilosomes as a novel vesicular carrier for transdermal delivery of tenoxicamAl-Mahallawi, Abdulaziz M.; Abdelbary, Aly A.; Aburahma, Mona H.International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2015), 485 (1-2), 329-340CODEN: IJPHDE; ISSN:0378-5173. (Elsevier B.V.)Bilosomes represent an evolving vesicular carrier that have been explored for oral vaccines delivery based on its ability to resist enzymes and bile salts in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Bilosomes vesicles are formed of bilayer membrane of non-ionic surfactant mols. Although, bilosomes have not been proposed for transdermal drug delivery, this carrier seems to have promising potential in this regard.
2. Materials and Methods
2010, 99, 2357– 2366, DOI: 10.1002/jps.22004Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference. 25Elsayed, M. M.; Abdallah, O. Y.; Naggar, V. F.; Khalafallah, N.
Before taking sildenafil,
M. Deformable liposomes and ethosomes: mechanism of enhanced skin delivery. 2006, 322, 60– 66, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.05.027Google Scholar25Deformable liposomes and ethosomes: Mechanism of enhanced skin deliveryElsayed, Mustafa M. A.; Abdallah, Ossama Y.; Naggar, Viviane F.; Khalafallah, Nawal M.International Journal of Pharmaceutics (2006), 322 (1-2), 60-66CODEN: IJPHDE; ISSN:0378-5173. (Elsevier Ltd.)Despite intensive research, the mechanisms by which vesicular systems deliver drugs into intact skin are not yet fully understood. Accordingly, the aim of this investigation was to assess the capability and safety of utilizing bilosomes for transdermal delivery of tenoxicam (TX) as a model drug. A 3122 full factorial design was adopted to study the effects of different formulation parameters on bilosomes properties and select the optimal formulation using Design-Expert software. The selected formulation displayed nano-sized spherical vesicles (242.5 ± 6.43 nm) with reasonable entrapment efficiency percent (68.33 ± 2.33%). Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the capability of the flourolabeled bilosomes to penetrate deep within the skin. Both, ex vivo permeation and in vivo skin deposition studies confirmed the superiority of bilosomes over drug soln.
Proper Use
S.; Almutairy, B. K.; Abu Lila, A. S. Tailoring of Novel Bile Salt Stabilized Vesicles for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Simvastatin: A New Therapeutic Approach against Inflammation. Polymers (Basel) 2023, 15, 677, DOI: 10.3390/polym15030677Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference. study proved the safety of topically applied bilosomes. In summary, the highlighted results confirmed that bilosomes can be further adopted for delivering drugs transdermally.
Drug Interactions
Gels 2022, 8, 235, DOI: 10.3390/gels8040235Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference. 28Ahmed, S.; Kassem, M. A.; Sayed, S. Bilosomes as Promising Nanovesicular Carriers for Improved Transdermal Delivery: Construction, in vitro Optimization, ex vivo Permeation and in vivo Evaluation. J.
Other Interactions
Nanomedicine 2020, 15, 9783– 9798, DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S278688Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference. 29Shukla, A.; Mishra, V.; Kesharwani, P. Bilosomes in the context of oral immunization: development, challenges and opportunities. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21, 888– 899, DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.03.013Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference. 30Khafagy, E. 36Bnyan, R.; Khan, I.; Ehtezazi, T.; Saleem, I.; Gordon, S.; O’Neill, F.; Roberts, M.
| Side Effect | Incidence Rate | Severity | Management Tips |
|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | 12% | Mild to Moderate | Hydration, analgesics |
| Flushing | 8% | Mild | Cool compress, reassurance |
| Dizziness | 5% | Mild | Avoid sudden movements |
| Nasal Congestion | 4% | Mild | Nasal sprays, decongestants |
Surfactant Effects on Lipid-Based Vesicles Properties. 2018, 107, 1237– 1246, DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.01.005Google Scholar36Surfactant effects on lipid-based vesicles propertiesBnyan, Ruba; Khan, Iftikhar; Ehtezazi, Touraj; Saleem, Imran; Gordon, Sarah; O'Neill, Francis; Roberts, MatthewJournal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Philadelphia, PA, United States) (2018), 107 (5), 1237-1246CODEN: JPMSAE; ISSN:0022-3549. Understanding the effect of surfactant properties is crit.
How to Take / Dosage Guidelines
31Aldawsari, M. F.; Khafagy, E. S.; Alotaibi, H. F.; Abu Lila, A. S. This review evaluates previous studies to explain the influence of surfactant properties on the behavior of lipid vesicular systems, specifically their size, charge, stability, entrapment efficiency, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Generally, the size of vesicles decreases by increasing the surfactant concn., carbon chain length, the hydrophilicity of the surfactant head group, and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. can also lead to an increase in charge, which in turn reduces vesicle aggregation and enhances the stability of the system.
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The vesicles' entrapment efficiency not only depends on the surfactant properties but also on the encapsulated drug. For example, the encapsulation of a lipophilic drug could be enhanced by using a surfactant with a low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value. Moreover, the membrane permeability of vesicles depends on the surfactant's carbon chain length and transition temp.
What side effects can this medication cause?
2021, 11, 442– 451, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA09561CGoogle ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference. 23Singh, D.; Pradhan, M.; Nag, M.; Singh, M. R. Vesicular system: Versatile carrier for transdermal delivery of bioactives. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2015, 43, 282– 290, DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.883401Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.
Important Information
24Prodduturi, S.; Sadrieh, N.; Wokovich, A. M.; Doub, W. H.; Westenberger, B. J.; Buhse, L. Transdermal delivery of fentanyl from matrix and reservoir systems: effect of heat and compromised skin. In addn., surfactants have a clear influence on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics such as sustaining drug release, enhancing the circulation time of vesicles, improving targeting and cellular uptake.